⚡What does Oracle do, in 30 seconds?
Oracle sells database and business software, and rents out cloud computing, including GPU servers for AI 692 4. It sold $67.4bn ✓ in FY2026, the year to 31 May 2026 7. Cloud made up 51% of that revenue, up from 37% two years earlier 4.
📱What does Oracle sell?
Oracle's revenue comes from six lines: four cloud and software lines, plus hardware and services. Cloud services made up 51% of revenue in fiscal 2026 4.
Software support
Software support was Oracle's biggest line in FY2026, at $19.8bn ✓. It gives customers technical help and software upgrades 2. Contracts usually last a year, are billed in advance and are priced as a share of the licence fee 2.
👥 Companies that already own Oracle software licences. Substantially all of them buy support, and substantially all renew 3.
Cloud infrastructure
In FY2026, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, or OCI, brought in $18.1bn ✓. It rents out computing power, storage and networking, including GPU servers for AI 4. Oracle also runs its databases inside other big clouds and in customers' own data centres 4.
👥 Businesses and AI developers that need computing power. Oracle says certain OCI offerings are more concentrated among a number of large customers 5.
Cloud applications
In FY2026, subscription software that Oracle runs for its customers brought in $15.9bn ✓. It includes apps for finance, supply chain, human resources, sales and service, plus NetSuite and Oracle Health 6.
👥 Businesses of many sizes 78. NetSuite is aimed mainly at small and medium-sized firms, and Oracle Health at medical professionals 6.
Services
In FY2026, services brought in $5.7bn ✓. Oracle's consultants help customers design and set up Oracle cloud and software, and other teams keep those products running well 8.
👥 Customers and partners putting Oracle products to work 8.
Software licences
In FY2026, licence sales brought in $4.7bn ✓. Oracle sells licences, generally lasting forever, for its database, Java and business apps such as PeopleSoft 692. A few large deals can swing this line a lot from quarter to quarter 2.
👥 Businesses, government agencies and schools 78. Licence buyers download the software and use it themselves 692.
Hardware
In FY2026, hardware brought in $3.1bn ✓. It includes Exadata database machines, servers and storage, usually sold with hardware support 79. Outside partners make most of Oracle's hardware 8.
👥 Businesses and government agencies 78. Oracle also uses hardware itself to deliver Oracle Cloud 8.
How the mix has shifted
Where the customers are
The United States brings in most of Oracle's sales, at 59% ✓ in FY2026. The United Kingdom added 4% ✓, Germany 3% ✓ and Japan 3% ✓. All other countries together made up 31% ✓.
💸How does Oracle make money?
Follow the money from left to rightfrom top to bottom: what customers pay for, what it costs to make, and what is left as profit.
Oracle sold $67.4bn ✓ of cloud services, software, hardware and services in FY2026. Running its clouds and delivering its products cost $23.0bn ✓. What is left is gross profit, the money kept after paying for what was sold. That came to $44.3bn ✓.
Next come the costs of running the company. Research and development took $10.3bn ✓, and sales, marketing and admin took $9.9bn ✓. Other operating costs took $3.5bn ✓. That left operating profit, the profit from the main business, of $20.6bn ✓. Interest and other items came to -$1.1bn ✓, while interest alone cost $4.6bn ✓. In the quarter to 30 November 2025, Oracle also booked a $2.7 billion pre-tax gain on selling its stake in chip company Ampere 17. After tax of $2.5bn ✓, net income was $17.1bn ✓. Put simply, out of every hundred dollars of sales, Oracle kept about $25 ✓ as profit.
Out of every $100 customers paid in FY2026…
⏱️ Oracle by the clock
Spread the FY2026 totals evenly over its 365 days and you get this. Source: ORACLE CORP 10-K [10].
📈How is Oracle doing?
Oracle is growing faster now than it did for most of the past decade. From FY2016 to FY2026, sales grew 6.2% ✓ a year on average. Sales rose in 9 ✓ of those 10 ✓ years. Growth sped up to 17.3% ✓ in FY2026. Operating margin was 30.6% ✓, a little below the 34.0% ✓ of FY2016.
The latest four quarters, to 31 August 2026, were stronger still. Sales reached $71.8bn ✓, up 21.6% ✓ on the four quarters before. In the quarter to 31 August 2026, revenue rose 30% and cloud infrastructure revenue rose 121% 24. Oracle's signed contracts not yet counted as revenue reached $664 billion that quarter 3224. But building data centres costs a lot of cash. Capital spending over the four quarters was $75.7bn ✓, and free cash flow was -$28.7bn ✓.
📝 The report card
Oracle earns top marks for profit and good marks for growth and steadiness, but the lowest marks for cash and its balance sheet. It carries heavy debt 5 and is spending heavily to expand its data centres 2. Every company is graded on the same fixed scale, so an A means the same thing on every page. The strip shows where Oracle (orange) and its 5 peers land; further right is better.
Growth
Oracle's sales grew 10.5% ✓ a year over its last three fiscal years, which earns a B ✓. Microsoft grew faster over its own latest three fiscal years, at 16.1% ✓ a year, good for an A ✓.
Why this measure? (higher is better)
Growing sales is the engine of a business. Mature giants rarely grow fast, so 5% a year already earns a C.
Profitability
Over the last three years combined, Oracle kept 30.2% ✓ of sales as operating profit, just clearing the bar for an A ✓. Alphabet is about level at 30.7% ✓, while Microsoft keeps far more at 45.8% ✓.
Why this measure? (higher is better)
Operating margin is the share of each sales dollar left after running the business. Software and platforms often clear 30%; hardware makers usually sit below 10%.
Cash generation
Over the last three years combined, Oracle's free cash flow was -6.9% ✓ of sales, which earns an F ✓. In FY2026 it spent $55.7bn ✓ on capital projects, more than the $32.0bn ✓ of cash its business brought in. It ranks 6 ✓ of 6 ✓ on this measure.
Why this measure? (higher is better)
Free cash flow is the cash left after paying for factories, data centres and equipment. It funds dividends, buybacks and new bets.
Balance sheet
At the end of FY2026, Oracle's cash and investments minus its borrowings (leases not counted) came to -145.8% ✓ of a year's sales, an F ✓. Net cash was -$98.2bn ✓ at that date, against $12.1bn ✓ at the end of FY2016.
Why this measure? (higher is better)
More cash than debt gives a company room to ride out bad years. Some debt is normal; a lot of it makes a company fragile.
Steadiness
Oracle's yearly growth swings with a standard deviation of 6.5% ✓, which earns a B ✓. Growth ranged from -1.1% ✓ in FY2020 to 17.7% ✓ in FY2023. IBM swings least among its peers, at 3.9% ✓.
Why this measure? (lower is better)
Steady growers are easier to plan around. Big swings mean sales depend on product cycles, the economy or one-off events.
🧑🏫 How the grades work
- Same scale for everyone. Each measure has fixed cut-offs (shown under each strip). Clear the A line and you get an A, whatever your peers do.
- Three years together. Profitability and cash generation add up the last three fiscal years before dividing, so one unusual year counts for less than it would on its own (a year much bigger than the others still weighs most).
- Peers for context. The rank shows how Oracle compares with the group. Companies within 0.1 percentage point share a rank.
- Same source. Every company's figures come from its own latest annual report (10-K), so fiscal years end in different months.
- Judgement, openly stated. The cut-offs are QuantVantage.ai's view of what good looks like for a large, established company. They are not a forecast or a recommendation.
11 years at a glance
Where the cash goes
From FY2016 to FY2026, Oracle paid out about twice its free cash flow. It spent $160.5bn ✓ on buybacks and dividends, against $77.7bn ✓ of free cash flow. Buybacks have nearly stopped: in FY2026 Oracle bought back just $0.1bn ✓ of shares and paid $5.8bn ✓ in dividends. In the quarter to 31 August 2026, it went the other way and sold 141 million new shares for $19.9 billion 32.
🧮Ratios 101: what are Oracle's key financial ratios?
Ratios shrink Oracle's big numbers into easy comparisons, and several show how much it is borrowing and spending to build its cloud. A ratio divides one number by another so companies of any size can be compared. Each card shows the formula with Oracle's real FY2026 numbers, the peer median and the trend.
💰 Profitability: how much of each sale is kept?
Gross margin
What is left from each sale after paying to make the product or deliver the service.
👉 Oracle kept 65.8% ✓ of FY2026 sales as gross profit, above the 59.7% ✓ peer median but down from 70.5% ✓ in FY2025.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 40% usually signals pricing power or a big software or services mix.
Operating margin
What is left after also paying for research, marketing and running the company.
👉 Oracle's 30.6% ✓ beats the 20.1% ✓ peer median, though it is below the 34.0% ✓ of FY2016.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 20% is strong for a large company.
Net margin
The bottom line: profit after interest and taxes, per dollar of sales.
👉 Oracle kept 25.4% ✓ of sales as final profit, above the 18.0% ✓ peer median and FY2016's 24.0% ✓. In the quarter to 30 November 2025, Oracle booked a $2.7 billion pre-tax gain on selling its stake in chip company Ampere 17.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 15% is strong; one-off tax items can move it in a single year.
Return on equity (ROE)
Profit earned for each dollar that shareholders have left in the company.
👉 ROE of 40.2% ✓ beats the 30.2% ✓ peer median, up from 18.8% ✓ in FY2016. Part of the reason is that shareholders' equity is small, at $42.5bn ✓.
📏 Rule of thumb: Around 15% or more is good, but buybacks shrink equity and can make ROE look huge.
⚙️ Efficiency: how hard do the assets work?
Return on assets (ROA)
Profit earned from everything the company owns, however it was paid for.
👉 ROA of 6.5% ✓ trails the 9.5% ✓ peer median and the 7.9% ✓ of FY2016, as total assets have grown to $261.8bn ✓.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 10% is strong; banks and factories usually earn less.
Asset turnover
Dollars of sales squeezed out of each dollar of assets.
👉 Oracle's sales are 0.3x ✓ the value of everything it owns, the same as the 0.3x ✓ of FY2016 and just below the 0.4x ✓ peer median.
📏 Rule of thumb: Retailers often top 2x; asset-heavy businesses can sit below 0.5x.
🛟 Safety: could it survive a bad year?
Current ratio
Can short-term assets (cash, money owed by customers, stock) pay the bills due within a year?
👉 At 1.1x ✓, Oracle's short-term assets just cover its bills due within a year. That matches the 1.1x ✓ peer median but is far below the 3.7x ✓ of FY2016.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 1.0x is the classic comfort line, but cash-rich giants can run below it on purpose.
Debt to equity
How much the company has borrowed for each dollar shareholders have in it.
👉 Oracle's 3.1x ✓ is far above the 0.2x ✓ peer median and its own 0.9x ✓ in FY2016. It had $130.1bn ✓ of debt against $42.5bn ✓ of equity.
📏 Rule of thumb: Below 1.0x is conservative. Like ROE, it can rise when buybacks shrink equity, even if debt has not changed.
Interest cover
How many times over operating profit could pay the year's interest bill.
👉 Operating profit covered interest 4.5x ✓ in FY2026, far below the 35.2x ✓ peer median and the 8.6x ✓ of FY2016. Interest cost $4.6bn ✓.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 5x is comfortable; below 2x is a warning sign.
💵 Cash and owners: where does the money end up?
Cash conversion
Does reported profit turn into real cash? Free cash flow is operating cash minus capital spending.
👉 Cash conversion was -1.4x ✓ in FY2026, against a 0.6x ✓ peer median and 1.4x ✓ in FY2016. Capital spending of $55.7bn ✓, mainly to expand data centres 2, left free cash flow at -$23.7bn ✓.
📏 Rule of thumb: Near or above 1.0x means profits are backed by cash.
R&D intensity
How much of each sales dollar goes into inventing future products.
👉 Oracle spent 15.3% ✓ of sales on R&D, above the 13.4% ✓ peer median. About 43,000 of its staff worked in research and development at 31 May 2026 29.
📏 Rule of thumb: Tech companies often spend 10% to 20%; more is not always better if it does not pay off.
Stock pay
Pay given to staff in shares instead of cash. It is a real cost to owners because it adds shares.
👉 Stock pay was 7.1% ✓ of sales, nearly double the 3.7% ✓ peer median and up from 2.8% ✓ in FY2016.
📏 Rule of thumb: Under 5% of sales is modest for a tech company.
Shareholder payout
How much of the year's profit was handed back to owners.
👉 Oracle paid out 34.4% ✓ of FY2026 profit, mostly as dividends of $5.8bn ✓. That is below the 42.2% ✓ peer median and far below the 145.8% ✓ of FY2016.
📏 Rule of thumb: Above 100% means it returned more than it earned, using cash savings or debt.
Ratios use fiscal-year-end balance sheet values. Inputs are shown rounded, so dividing them can differ from the result in the last digit. A peer median leaves out peers that do not report the inputs, or where the ratio means nothing (for example, negative shareholders' equity). Rules of thumb are general guides from QuantVantage.ai, not hard limits. No share-price ratios (like price-to-earnings) are shown on this page.
🥊Who are Oracle's competitors?
Oracle competes with the biggest cloud companies and with business software makers. It names Alphabet, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft and Salesforce among the large companies it competes with directly 16. Some rivals are also partners: Oracle runs its databases inside the Microsoft and Google clouds 1617 41617.
| Company | Where they compete | Revenue | Growth/yr (3y) | Op. margin | FCF margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle (ORCL, FY2026) | Cloud infrastructure, database and business software, hardware and services | $67.4bn | 10.5% | 30.6% | -35.2% |
| Microsoft (MSFT, FY2026) | Cloud computing; Oracle names Microsoft as a direct rival, but also runs Oracle databases inside Microsoft's cloud 1617 | $331.8bn | 16.1% | 46.8% | 20.2% |
| Amazon (AMZN, FY2025) | Cloud infrastructure for businesses; Oracle names Amazon as a direct rival, and its multicloud services also work with AWS 1819 | $716.9bn | 11.7% | 11.2% | 1.1% |
| Alphabet (GOOGL, FY2025) | Cloud computing (Google Cloud); a direct rival that also hosts Oracle databases in its cloud 41617 | $402.8bn | 12.5% | 32.0% | 18.2% |
| Salesforce (CRM, FY2026) | Business software; Oracle names Salesforce as a direct rival, and its Fusion CX apps cover sales, service and marketing 20 | $41.5bn | 9.8% | 20.1% | 34.7% |
| IBM (IBM, FY2025) | Business software and IT consulting; each names the other as a rival, and IBM also lists Oracle as a partner 1621 | $67.5bn | 3.7% | 17.8% | 17.9% |
Oracle also names Adobe, Cisco, Intel and SAP among the large companies it competes with directly 16. Since buying Cerner, it also competes with healthcare IT firms such as Epic Systems, InterSystems and athenahealth 16. Palantir also sells cloud and AI software, and it became an Oracle partner in April 2024 333435.
🧭Oracle SWOT: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
💪 Strengths
- Substantially all Oracle software support customers renew when their contracts end 3.
- Oracle had $638 billion of signed contracts not yet counted as revenue at 31 May 2026, up from $138 billion a year earlier 222.
- Over the last three years combined, Oracle kept 30.2% ✓ of sales as operating profit, an A ✓ on our report card.
- Oracle calls its database the world's most popular enterprise database, and Java the most popular language in enterprise use 9.
🩹 Weaknesses
- Free cash flow was -$23.7bn ✓ in FY2026, as capital spending reached $55.7bn ✓.
- Total debt was $130.1bn ✓ at the end of FY2026, 3.1x ✓ its shareholders' equity.
- Software revenue fell 1% in fiscal 2026, and Oracle linked a fourth-quarter drop to customers moving to the cloud 23.
- Certain OCI offerings are more concentrated among a number of large customers, which raises the risk of not being paid 5.
🚀 Opportunities
- Oracle said in September 2026 that demand for AI cloud training and inference still grows faster than supply 24.
- Multicloud database revenue grew 531% in the quarter to 28 February 2026 25. These are Oracle databases running inside other large clouds 4.
- Over fiscal 2024 to 2026, support customers moving to Oracle Cloud added $5.4 billion to yearly cloud revenue 4.
- Oracle has set a target of $225 billion or more in revenue for fiscal 2030 26.
⚠️ Threats
- Oracle warns that if it overestimates demand, or key customers cannot pay, it could be locked into more capacity than it needs 5.
- Power for AI data centres is short worldwide, Oracle says, and getting reliable, affordable power has been a challenge 5.
- A shareholder filed a proposed class action in February 2026 over Oracle's cloud infrastructure statements; Oracle says it has good defences 22.
- Oracle says low barriers to entry in many of its markets let new rivals appear often 16.
🏰Does Oracle have a moat?
Why 3?
Oracle calls its database the world's most popular enterprise database, and MySQL the most popular open-source one 9. It sells through its own sales force and partners to businesses, governments and schools 78. But it names many large rivals, and says new ones emerge often in many of its markets 16.
Why 5?
Substantially all customers who buy a licence also buy support, and substantially all of them renew 3. Support contracts usually last a year and are billed in advance 2. Cloud contracts generally run one to five years 2. Signed contracts not yet counted as revenue reached $638 billion at 31 May 2026 222. Support customers moving to Oracle Cloud added $5.4 billion of yearly cloud revenue over fiscal 2024 to 2026 4.
Why 3?
In December 2025, co-CEO Clay Magouyrk said Oracle had over 211 live and planned cloud regions, more than any cloud rival 17. Capital spending rose to $55.7 billion in fiscal 2026, mainly to expand data centres 2. But total debt was $130.1bn ✓ at the end of FY2026, falling due from 2026 to 2066 5. Amazon, Microsoft and Alphabet compete directly 16, and certain OCI offerings are more concentrated among a number of large customers 5.
Why 3?
Oracle holds patents, but says none of its main businesses depends materially on a single patent 8. It describes its database and Java as the most popular of their kind in enterprise use 9. Its sovereign cloud serves customers facing regulatory limits 4. It spent $10.3 billion on research and development in fiscal 2026 7.
A moat is what keeps rivals from taking a company's customers and profits. Scores are QuantVantage.ai's judgement (5 = strongest), set with the same rubric on every explainer (orange is Oracle; grey dots are peers).
🔭What should you watch next?
Annual meeting of stockholders
Oracle holds its 2026 annual meeting online 36.
Results for the quarter to 30 November 2026
Oracle guided total revenue growth of 30% to 34%, and cloud revenue growth of 65% to 71%, in US dollars 24. Figures on this page run to FY2026 and the four quarters to 31 August 2026.
Limits on new funding
Oracle committed to raise no more than $20 billion of new money in capital markets over fiscal 2027-2030, not counting refinancing 26.
Restructuring costs
Oracle expects to record about $700 million of extra restructuring costs, added to its plan after 31 August 2026 32.
📚Learn the words
❓Frequently asked questions about Oracle
How does Oracle make money?
Oracle makes most of its money from cloud services and software. In FY2026, software support brought in $19.8bn ✓, cloud infrastructure $18.1bn ✓ and cloud applications $15.9bn ✓. Services, licences and hardware made up the rest.
What is Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)?
OCI is Oracle's own cloud, which rents out computing power, storage and networking, including GPU servers for AI 4. Its revenue rose 121% to $7.4 billion in the quarter to 31 August 2026 24.
Who runs Oracle?
Clay Magouyrk and Mike Sicilia have both been chief executive since September 2025 2728. Founder Larry Ellison is executive chair and chief technology officer 27. Safra Catz, CEO from 2014 to 2025, became executive vice chair 2728.
Why is Oracle's free cash flow negative?
Oracle's capital spending is larger than the cash its business brings in. Capital spending rose to $55.7 billion in fiscal 2026, mainly to expand its data centres 2. That left free cash flow at -$23.7bn ✓. Oracle says it expects free cash flow to turn positive in the second half of fiscal 2028 26.
What are remaining performance obligations?
They are revenue Oracle has under contract but has not yet counted 22. They reached $638 billion at 31 May 2026, up from $138 billion a year earlier 222. Oracle expected to count about 12% of that within 12 months 222.
Who does Oracle compete with?
Oracle names Adobe, Alphabet, Amazon, Cisco, Intel, IBM, Microsoft, Salesforce and SAP among the large companies it competes with directly 16. Microsoft and Alphabet are also partners, hosting Oracle databases in their clouds 1617 41617.
How much debt does Oracle have?
Oracle had $130.1bn ✓ of total debt at the end of FY2026. It falls due at dates from 2026 to 2066 5. In February 2026, it raised $30 billion through bonds and mandatory convertible preferred stock 25.
Does Oracle pay a dividend?
Yes. Oracle paid $5.8bn ✓ in dividends in FY2026. In September 2026 it declared a quarterly dividend of $0.50 per share, payable on 23 October 2026 24.
🎮Play: higher or lower, then test yourself
Figures come from each company's latest annual report (10-K); fiscal years end in different months. Sources: [10] [11] [13] [12] [14] [15].
🧠 Test yourself
5 quick questions. Score: 0 / 5
1. About how much of Oracle's FY2026 revenue came from cloud?
2. Where did co-CEO Clay Magouyrk work before he joined Oracle?
3. What did Oracle build a home for on its California campus in 2016?
4. Which Oracle business more than doubled its revenue in the quarter to August 2026?
5. Why was Oracle's free cash flow below zero in FY2026?
🔎Sources and method
Every figure comes from a source listed here or is calculated from those sources (marked ✓). Company financials are taken from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q) as tagged in XBRL. Peer grades rank the same measures across the company and its peers. This page contains no share-price data and no valuation.
- Oracle (ORCL) Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026, filed 2026-06-22 — revenue by product, segment and geography (accessed 2026-10-28)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 7 cloud and software business, licence and support terms, capital expenditures, remaining performance obligations (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 software and hardware support (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 Oracle Cloud, cloud share of revenue, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and deployment options (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1A risk factors: cloud revenue timing, data center capacity, power, customer concentration, indebtedness (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 Oracle Cloud Applications and applications software licences (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Cover page and Item 1 overview: incorporation, headquarters address, fiscal year end, offerings, customers, three businesses, R&D spending; Item 2 headquarters facility (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 services, manufacturing, sales and partner network, research and development, patents, seasonality (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 infrastructure technologies: database, Java, MySQL, middleware, engineered systems (accessed 2026-10-29)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: Oracle (ORCL) — annual 10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: MICROSOFT CORP (MSFT) — annual 10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: Alphabet Inc. (GOOGL) — annual 10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: AMAZON COM INC (AMZN) — annual 10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: Salesforce, Inc. (CRM) — annual 10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) — annual 10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 competition (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle press release on Q2 fiscal 2026 results (Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, December 10, 2025) — Q2 FY2026 contract commitments, Ampere sale, cloud regions, multicloud data centers (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 — Item 1 competition and risk factors: named competitors; multicloud services (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Amazon Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 — Item 1 competition and Item 1A competition risk: competitor groups, principal competitive factors, AI and comparison shopping (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1: Fusion Cloud Customer Experience applications; competitors named, including Salesforce (accessed 2026-10-29)
- IBM Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 — Item 1 strategic partners and principal software competitors (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Notes: remaining performance obligations definition, concentration of risk, mandatory convertible preferred stock, legal proceedings (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle press release on Q4 and fiscal 2026 results (Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, June 10, 2026) — Q4 FY2026 remaining performance obligations, software revenue trend (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle press release on Q1 fiscal 2027 results (Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, September 10, 2026) — Q1 FY2027 cloud results, AI contracts, GPU deliveries, guidance, dividend (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle press release on Q3 fiscal 2026 results (Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, March 10, 2026) — Q3 FY2026 growth, multicloud database growth, capital funding plan (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Investor Day 2026 press release (Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, October 28, 2026) — Long-term outlook, free cash flow timeline, capital raising limits (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Information about executive officers: founder, chief executive officers, executive chair, CFO, executive vice chair (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle press release promoting Clay Magouyrk and Mike Sicilia to CEOs (Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, September 22, 2025) — CEO appointments, executive vice chair (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 (ended May 31, 2026) — Item 1 human capital: employees by location and function, tenure, training, philanthropy (accessed 2026-10-29)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: Oracle (ORCL) — quarterly 10-Q/10-K facts (accessed 2026-10-28)
- SEC EDGAR companyfacts: Oracle (ORCL) — balance sheet at 2026-08-31 (accessed 2026-10-28)
- Oracle Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2026 — Remaining performance obligations, at-the-market share sales, restructuring plan, capital expenditures (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle Form 10-K for fiscal year 2026 — Item 1: cloud offerings sold to businesses and government agencies, OCI Sovereign Cloud (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle press release: Oracle and Palantir join forces to deliver mission critical AI solutions (April 4, 2024) — Oracle and Palantir partnership terms (accessed 2026-10-29)
- DBTA: Oracle and Palantir partner to deliver mission critical AI solutions (April 2024) — Oracle and Palantir partnership terms (accessed 2026-10-29)
- Oracle 2026 proxy statement (DEF 14A, September 25, 2026) — 2026 annual meeting date and format (accessed 2026-10-29)